Hemingway’s Son — Or Daughter?
“Eight grandchildren of Ernest Hemingway have settled a bitter feud with the widow of the writer’s transsexual son Gregory over his $7-million estate, which included a portion of Hemingway’s literary rights… In life, the youngest son of the ‘Old Man and the Sea’ author battled alcoholism, drug abuse, manic depression and a cross-dressing fetish that ultimately led to a sex-change operation and a new name, Gloria. Gregory Hemingway was arrested on Sept. 26, 2001, in the exclusive Miami island town of Key Biscayne, naked after stripping off his dress, thong and high heels. He died in his cell four days later and an autopsy found he had surgically-created women’s genitalia.” — Reuters (US)
Somehow it is only too fitting that Ernest Hemingway’s enormous machismo should become a psychodrama for at least one of his children — in this case his youngest son Gregory, who ultimately underwent a sex change and renamed himself Gloria. It must have been the ultimate rebellion against his father, who tended to view gays askance. Or perhaps it was a form of self-punishment: if he felt guilty at not being able to live up to the image of machismo, then becoming a woman might have been a way of expunging his guilt by punishing and degrading himself. Either way, it’s hard not to lay the sad psychopathology of Gregory/Gloria at his father’s feet. It reeks of intergenerational conflict.
That being said, the lawsuit arising from the death of Gregory/Gloria had the potential to be epochal. G/G planned to bequeath his assets to his (apparently female) wife. However, his heirs claimed that he had already undergone the sex change before marrying his wife, and thus he was a woman trying to marry a woman. Since Florida does not recognize same-sex unions, the marriage was not legitimate and therefore G/G couldn’t leave his assets to his “wife.” It’s a pretty brilliant legal strategy, even if it smacks of kids looking for any excuse not to leave the dough to the widow. The judge said that it would require him to determine whether G/G was, for legal purposes, a man or a woman. And what was he? As a father and longtime male, he was a man. As a transsexual, he was a woman. So what should the law consider him? Are you the gender you were born as? The gender you died as? The gender you spent the bulk of your life as?
These are tough questions, and their resolution would have set a powerful legal precedent. However, the parties ultimately avoided the decision by settling out of court, thus leaving G/G in gender limbo — which no doubt has his father turning over in his grave.
Get a life you bastards. This poor sona of a bitch suffered enough and no you still want to harm him. Suck my dick I’ll see you in hell you worthless piles of cat shit.
No one here is trying to harm “the poor son of a bitch.” PervScan’s goal was to highlight this fascinating — and probably sad — story, emphasizing how it put the courts into the odd position of having to determine what gender a person is/was. As it turned out, the case never came to trial, so the court was absolved of this possibly precedent-setting responsibility.
What gave you the impression that this amounted to harming Mr. Hemingway in any way, Tupo? The fact that PervScan said his “gender limbo” would cause his father, the writer Ernest Hemingway, to roll over in his grave? After all, Hemingway senior had a distinctly ambivalent if not hostile attitude toward gays and lesbians, so it’s only reasonable to presume he would have felt the same way about transsexuals too. Granted, this is only speculation, but it’s hard to imagine that such a macho guy as Hemingway would have found it easy to accept his son’s gender-bending ways.
Hopefully I’m not too late to contribute to this dialogue, although it has seen no action in over a year. I respect the good intentions of Supervert and his web site and blog, and I hope Supervert will not take offense if I ask whether deeply ingrained prejudices (no doubt unconscious and unintended) might be evident in his 10/19/03 posting about Hemingway’s child.
First, the conflation of the separate concepts of “gay” and “transgender” exposes the well-intentioned Supervert as less than well-informed. They are not the same, nor does one imply the other.
Second, beginning with the title of the piece and continuing throughout its text, Supervert demonstrates a (no doubt unintentional) disrespect for Gloria’s gender, which she went to great lengths to make consistent both as to her body and soul. With her post-surgery anatomy matching her identity, what “difficult questions” about her gender remain? What justifies the continued use of male pronouns for Gloria, even after sex reassignment surgery made her unequivocally female? Supervert’s purported uncertainty as to Gloria’s gender is rooted in the same deeply ingrained unconscious prejudices that cause our larger society to deny the reality that some people (through no fault of their own) are born with an anatomy that does not match their identity. Whatever trauma Gloria’s father caused her would have paled compared to an entire society’s disrespect for Gloria’s true gender, even after sex reassignment surgery eliminated any ambiguity. Just as Supervert pathologizes Gloria as a pitifully deranged “gender-bender,” so society’s ongoing rejection of her as pathological and deranged was likely one of the greatest sources of her ongoing misery.
Gloria’s father, after all, was no longer alive. The impact on Gloria of childhood experiences that lingered after her father’s death could have been greatly alleviated by a supportive and understanding society. Transgender status in itself does not cause mental and emotional difficulties or early death. Rather, the source of the problem is our fearful and ignorant society that misunderstands and oppresses transgender people.
Third, might unintended, unconscious misogyny lie at the root of an analysis that concludes that Gloria’s sex reassignment surgery “was a form of self-punishment: if he felt guilty at not being able to live up to the image of machismo, then becoming a woman might have been a way of expunging his guilt by punishing and degrading himself.” Isn’t it possible that Gloria always internally self-identified as female, and waited until after her father’s death to proceed with SRS out of consideration for his likely inability to understand? Why conclude that Gloria regarded her anatomical transition to her correct female gender as “self-punishment,” a reason to feel “guilty,” an “inability to live up” to potential, or being “degraded”? Isn’t it far more likely that Gloria had positive associations with the gender that she went to such great lengths to make her anatomy consistent with?
–NYCGuy
NYCGuy, it’s never too late to post comments. That’s the beauty of a blog — it can sustain a focused conversation over a period of months or even years.
Your commentary, especially since it was so thoughtful, is very welcome. Contrary opinions are always tonic to read and consider, so by all means make your views known. Conflict is good. As Heraclitus said, all things come into being and are destroyed through strife.
That being said, there was certainly no disrespect intended toward G/G or G/G’s gender. You seem to accept that G/G was, at the time of death, female — and by choice. However, Supervert’s opinion was that G/G’s gender status was not quite so clear. Reuters used the male pronoun, and the Florida courts seemed to think of G/G as a male. Because same-sex marriages were not yet legal in Florida, G/G must have accepted upon himself the legal status of male in order to marry his wife. Granted, this could have been a mere legal expedient — but the questions remain. Which gender is your “true” gender: the one you’re born with? The one you die with? The one you’re given? The one you choose? Do the presence of a surgically constructed vagina and a female worldview make up for the other sorts of gender identity a person is born with? Do these things compensate for the typical XY chromosome of a born male?
Maybe they do. Maybe they don’t. The point is that G/G’s status raised those questions without, in Supervert’s opinion, resolving them. Aside from what looked like the greediness of G/G’s heirs, this is why the case was going to court. The law was going to decide what G/G was — man or woman. To be clear, a court decision wouldn’t resolve the issue either — can it ever be definitively decided, you think? — but it would have been fascinating to see what the legal precedent might have been.
He became a flippin woman.. we deserved to die..
NYCGuy… thank you. Eloquently done. Why is it so difficult to accept that gender is a psychological perception? One’s physical sex may be chromosomally determined, but for reasons yet to be explained, does not always match their gender self-identity. This is not a recent phenomena in humanity’s history. Only the western world’s phobia for diversity is. What is recent is the available medical cure for those individuals with extreme gender identity dysphoria. Does our self-proclaimed, open society rather we suffer our entire lives while medical solutions are available in increasing numbers throughout our country? Is the entire concept of gender identity dysphoria believed invalid? Otherwise, isn’t the loss of your home, friends, family, career, and the simple respect and dignity deserved by all human beings, enough a price to pay to be recognized by society in the gender of your choice? What else must one do? Obtain a piece of paper that is denied by misguided zealots in a kangaroo court of hypocrisy?
It seems to me that many—perhaps most—of these comments completely miss the most important aspect of this case, which is the expressed will of the deceased. Farah Bazzrea avers that “gender is a psychological perceptionâ€â€”the context suggests psychological perception of the engendered party him/herself. If Gloria’s/George’s “gender†was a “psychological perception†then gender itself disappeared with death. What remains is the question of what the deceased wanted.
That G/G entered into a marriage and attempted to leave property to a female spouse indicates intent—intent that should be respected. Whether G/G was “psychologically female†or “psychologically male†is really beside the point in this issue: G/G took a wife under the law, and tried to leave his/her estate to that wife.
As far as the other point(s), it seems to me that many who have commented here are willing to defend G/G’s right to select a different gender identity than that which “she†was born with—but nearly none are willing to allow that G/G just might have changed “his†mind about the matter or even regretted the first decision. Is such a (second) decision to be treated as invalid just because G/G did not pursue another round of surgery? Are we willing to allege that God made a “mistake†in assigning Gloria’s chromosomes, but unwilling to allow that George just might have felt he had made a mistake in “correcting†that? Since G/G is now deceased, we shall never in this world know what his/her “psychological gender†was at time of death: all we know is the chromosomal makeup of the deceased’s somatic cells, and the will expressed in various acts while living—which it seems to me we have a responsibility to respect.
Jordan.. good point. And I am in total agreement that Gregory/Gloria has every right to rescind his/her choice in the matter of living in the gender that rendered the most satisfaction and contentment. However, I question whether or not the decision to revert back to a male persona was in fact a repudiation of psychological gender or an effort to find happiness within the confines of his/her life’s experiences, opportunities and Florida state law. As every gay man or woman will agree, it is not necessary to be opposite genders to fall in love. However, due to Florida state law which does not recognize same sex marriages, perhaps the decision to revert back to the male gender was an effort to ensure equal protection and privileges provided under the sanctity of state-approved marriage was granted to the couple. However, if this is the case, his (by choice at this time) wishes would be subjugated by a successful petition by the children. Lastly, speculation about the changing of “his” or “her” mind as a possibly regrettable decision is only that… speculation. As a transgendered individual, I am more inclined to “speculate” that Greg/Gloria never had remorse about her decision to live her life as a woman. I believe it is more probable that based upon a lifetime of personal conflict, social discrimination and legal prejudice, Gloria decided to once more… as she had done much of her life, give up her true identity and accept less than 100% inner peace in an effort to balance happiness and her love for her SO with the protections offered by a legal marriage, according to Florida state law.
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